QUIZ TODAY: Wednesday, 10/11, Ch 5 Vocab

Vocabulary Quiz on these on Wednesday, 10/11.  Your words will be due at that time.  You may write them out as a list on paper OR you may write each on a flash card (use a flashcard for the required homework heading.)   Required homework heading must be used.  Use your knowledge, notes, online textbook, handouts, or the Internet to find the definitions.

Homework Heading (required on all work submitted):
Your Name                                                   US History
Class Period                                                Assignment
(in this case, your assignment is Ch 5 Vocab)

If you are making flashcards they MUST be rubber-banded together BEFORE submitting AND BEFORE the bell rings (there are rubber bands behind my desk - ask me!), and you top card must be a heading card (see above.)  You will get extra credit for making flash cards.

Make up for legal absences is before school (per my make-up policy), last day to make up is Friday, 10/13.

REMEMBER!!!  All words from all previous chapters are also fair game on this quiz!

Chapter 5 Vocabulary

1.     Republic

2.    Republicanism

3.    Articles of Confederation

4.    Confederations

5.    Land Ordinance of 1785

6.    Northwest Ordinance of 1787

7.    Shay’s Rebellion

8.    James Madison

9.    Great Compromise

10.  Three-Fifths Compromise

11.  Federalism

12.  Legislative Branch

13.  Executive Branch’

14.  Judicial Branch

15.  Checks & Balances

16.  Electoral College

17.  Ratification

18.  Federalists

19.  Antifederalists

20.  The Federalist

21.  Bill of Rights

DUE: Tuesday, 10/10 Ch 6 & Ch 7 Notes

DUE TODAY:
1. Ch 6 Sec 4 Notes
2. Ch 7 Sec 1, 2, & 3 Notes ("dog ear" the age to mark a new chapter)


HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Friday, 10/13 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Copy & paste the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 6 Sec 4 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/10/us-history-chapter-6-section-4-notes.html

AND

Ch 7 Sec 1, 2, & 3 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/10/us-history-chapter-7-sections-1-2-3.html

DUE: Friday, 10/6, Ch 6 Sec 3 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Tuesday, 10/10 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Copy & paste the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 6 Sec 3 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/10/us-history-chapter-6-section-3-notes.html

DUE: Thursday, 10/5, Ch 6 Sec 2 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Tuesday, 10/10 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Copy & paste the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 6 Sec 2 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/10/us-history-chapter-6-section-2-notes.html

DUE: Wednesday, 10/4, Ch 6 Sec 1 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Friday, 10/6 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Copy & paste the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

"Dog ear" the page so you know where this new chapter begins in your notes!!

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 6 Sec 1 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/10/us-history-chapter-6-section-1-notes.html

DUE: Tuesday, 10/3, Ch 5 Sec 4 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Thursday, 10/5 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Copy & paste the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 5 Sec 4 Notes:
http://mrsramoushistory.blogspot.com/2016/09/chapter-5-last-section-notes.html

Test Date moved AGAIN...not my fault!

Now there's a Guidance assembly on Friday for all US History classes, so we have to move your test AGAIN.  😒😒😬😨😠

Your new test date, for ALL periods, is Monday, 10/2.  The make up dates, as described in the original post, will be changed to Tuesday-Thursday, October 3, 4, & 5.  As always, make-ups for LEGAL absences are only before school in 1825 (check 1823 if you don't see me), from 6:50 - 7:20 AM.  Papers are taken at 7:25, so arrive early for the maximum time on the exam.

The review is in Quizlet & has been open since September 6th.  It is a full period exam so you only need your blue or black pen.

Period 5: Homework Due Dates & Reminders

I checked the post made just for your class last week and, just as I showed you in class on Wednesday all 4 sections are listed as due today (with their copy & paste links.)  If you are one f the many who told me it wasn't there...please be very careful in reading you assignments.  In addition, you had classmates you were able to compete all 4 "copy quizzes" so it was clear to me that all 4 were, indeed, posted.

Your Homework due the rest of this week:
HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Tuesday, 9/26 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Copy & paste the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Wednesday, 9/27: Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes
Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-5-section-1-notes.html

Thursday, 9/28: Chapter 5 Sections 2 & 3 Notes
Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 5 Sec 2 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-5-section-2-notes.html
AND
Ch 5 Sec 3 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-5-section-3-notes.html

Friday, 9/29:
Chapter 1-4 Exam.
Study in Quizlet, no notes allowed.

Thinkwave is updated for your 3 forms & Quizlet.  Here are some items to consider:

1.  For these notes only, I will give you half credit if you show me your competed sections before 7:20 am tomorrow (9/26.)  I am usually in 1825 but check 1823 if I'm not there.

2.  Signed forms will get partial credit tomorrow if not submitted today.  This can be done at the start or end of class.  Except for cases of legal absences all 3 days last week, this will not be extended a third time so please consider taking advantage of it (and check Thinkwave for your average as you decide whether or not to turn them in, since they are test grades!)

3.  Quizlet sign-in will not be extended.  You had 6 days (some of you more) to sign up.

Here are some reminders:

1.  You must sign into Thinkwave before 2 pm on Wednesday, 9/27.  This, too, is a test grade.

2.  You are NOT responsible for the vocab quiz tomorrow, but these words will be present of vocab quizzes throughout the year.  I encourage you to look them up.  If you do, and do them ALL, and turn it in by Monday, 10/2, I will add it as extra credit in Thinkwave.

3.  You ARE responsible for Friday's exam.  You had a minimum of 10 days to study & the material s not difficult.  As stated in class, Quizlet is where you study for your exams.

PERIOD 5!!!!

Again, welcome to your new class!  :)

Here is an overview of some of the things we discussed & a few things we did not.

1.  Your signed sheets are due by Monday, 9/25.  One is the full sheet, the other 2 just rip off the bottom.  be sure to FULLY COMPLETE them all for full credit, as discussed in class today.  Each is an easy test grade...if you do it & turn it in on time!

2.  You must be signed up for & request to join our class in Quizlet no later than 2 pm on Monday, 9/25.  if you have followed the directions in your packet, I will approve you as I get the email from Quizlet with your request to join.  This will be a test grade.

3.  All Chapter 4 notes are due on Monday, 9/25.  You will have a quiz using them, please refer to your packet if you have questions or see me.  There will be no make-up quiz if you are late & miss it OR do not do the work.

  Section 1 Notes (copy & paste links if clicking them doesn't work.  using a phone does not always work.)
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-homework-due-monday-922part.html

  Section 2 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-4-section-2-notes.html

  Section 3 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-4-section-3-notes.html

  Section 4 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-4-section-4-notes.html

4.  You must log into your Thinkwave account by 2 pm on Wednesday, 9/27.  This will be a test grade, codes were handed out in class on Wednesday, 9/20.

5.  While you are exempt form the Vocab Quiz next week, you will be quizzed on the words on all quizzes moving forward, so you'll want to define them as you have time.

6.  As Quizlet is available t you for 9 days prior to the new date, you WILL be taking next Friday's exam.  everything you need is in the Quizlet review.

7.  We will spend the next few days catching you up to my other US classes, so be sure to be on time & ready to learn!  Please be sure to have a minute pass if you have a Ross class 4th period, be prepared to show me that pass, and have your ID on. Remember, a minute pass is for a minute!

TEST DATE CHANGE for Chapters 1-4 Exam

Your new test date, for ALL periods, is Friday, 9/29.  The make up dates, as described in the original post, will be changed to Monday-Wednesday, October 2, 3, & 4.

The review is in Quizlet & has been open since September 6th.

For Wednesday, 9/20

If you were absent today, get the words added to your vocab due next week from someone who came to class today!

Periods 1 & 2: bring your work form today back with you tomorrow.  I'll give you another day with the textbooks while I catch the new period 5 class up to where you are.  If you prefer to print out the vocab list to use, that's fine, I will allow that printout in class tomorrow.

Period 5: be sure to have your minute pass for class (if you are coming from Ross 4th period), be sure that you are on time to class, and be prepared for a crash course to catch you up to my other sections! Your Chapter 4 notes are due on Monday 9/25, as stated in class today.

Speak another language? Guidance needs your help!

I received the following email this afternoon.  If you are interested in building your college resume with volunteer work, need community service hours for a club/group/honor society, OR are a Senior that needs Community Service Hours for Government, please go to Guidance on your free period tomorrow to get more details & sign up!

I am looking for students to translate at Oak Park’s meet the teacher night on WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2017.  Please send any interested students to Sonderling Guidance to sign up with Ms. Fox.

 

Wayne A. Abenes

Brentwood District Coordinator of Guidance, K-12

Lots of Missing HW, Lots of Incorrect Quizlet :(

As of 6:40 this evening, 9/10 only 24 of the 60 of you have viewed the HW post for tomorrow.  Not sure what the rest of you are waiting for, but you will, indeed, receive a zero with no make up if you do not have the work as directed.

As of this post, all valid Quizlet requests have been approved & entered into Thinkwave.  If you requested to join but don't have an approval, look over the direction because it's likely you're one of the many people who did not follow them the first time. :(  Fix it before 2 pm Tuesday!

See you tomorrow!

IMPORTANT UPDATES: READ ME!! :)

A few reminders & updates for you:

• As of this post (11:12 am, 9/9) all Quizlet requests have been approved.  If you requested to join and do NOT have an approval (or cannot view your class), you did not follow the directions regarding acceptable user names & your request has been "ignored."  If this is you, you will need to fix it & send me an email that it is now in compliance as Quizlet will not send me another email regarding your request to join.  In addition, someone joined the wrong class (last year's) - you will need to make sure you have requested 2017-2018.  If you sent a request already but still don't have access, check your request OR request to join the correct class.   The due date on this is 9/12, 2 pm
• You need to log into Thinkwave (& change your password while you're there) by 9/18, 2 pm.
• Your HWQ (homework quiz) will be at the start of your class.  You will be using your HW (the and-copied notes), anything other than YOUR hand-copied notes will be confiscated & earn a 0.  Late to class = 0 on HWQ, no make-up per policy.
• I recorded all of the signed forms into Thinkwave yesterday afternoon.  There were 3 total.  The breakdown is this: 100 = all is well, than you.  75 = you left parts bank or did not complete the form.  0 = too much was incomplete, your name was missing, I could not read your name, or you never turned it in.  You have one FINAL chance to earn some credit by turning them in BEFORE FIRST PERIOD on Monday.  I will be in 1825.  Anything after the 1st period bell will not receive a grade change.  The change if your forms are compete, is from the 0 currently entered to a 65.  Not sure what you did?  Its in Thinkwave.
• Lastly, the Extra Credit for the State Map Challenge has been posted.  If you see a 100 or 200 labeled extra credit for you in Thinkwave, nice job!  Your group won!  

Have a great rest of the weekend.  See you Monday!

(PS - I see as of now only SIX of you have even looked at the HW due Monday.  If you do not do your HW, you will likely fail the marking period.  Don't wait until the last minute because I don;t accept excuses!!!)

TEST TODAY: Wednesday, 9/27

Your Chapters 2, 3, & 4 Exam will be on Wednesday, 9/27.  The Quizlet Review has been open since September 8th.  If you have been in class, paid attention, done your homework, and study you should do very well on the test.  STUDY THE REVIEW IN QUIZLET - it was made using the material on your exam.

Make up for legal absences is before school (per my make-up policy), last day to make up is Friday, 9/29.  Failure to make-up the exam will result in a zero for that test.  Cuts & illegal absences cannot be made up, and anyone late to class will not receive extra time on the exam.

The test will NOT be a full period so please bring your regular required supplies with you to class that day.

QUIZ TODAY: Chapters 2, 3, & 4 Vocab

Vocabulary Quiz on these on Tuesday, 9/26.  Your words will be due at that time.  You may write them out as a list on paper OR you may write each on a flash card (use a flashcard for the required homework heading.)   Required homework heading must be used.  Use your knowledge, notes, online textbook, handouts, or the Internet to find the definitions.

Homework Heading (required on all work submitted):
Your Name                                                   US History
Class Period                                                Assignment
(in this case, your assignment is Ch 2-4 Vocab)

If you are making flashcards they MUST be rubber-banded together BEFORE submitting AND BEFORE the bell rings (there are rubber bands behind my desk - ask me!), and you top card must be a heading card (see above.)  You will get extra credit for making flash cards.

Link to Vocab list: (the Regents Connections questions are NOT homework):
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-vocab-quiz-on-wednesday-924.html

Make up for legal absences is before school (per my make-up policy), last day to make up is Friday, 9/29.

DUE: Monday, 9/25 Ch 5 Sec 2 & 3 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Thursday, 9/28 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 5 Sec 2 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-5-section-2-notes.html

AND

Ch 5 Sec 3 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-5-section-3-notes.html

DUE: Wednesday, 9/20 Ch 5 Sec 1 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Tuesday, 9/26 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-5-section-1-notes.html

DUE: Tuesday, 9/19 Ch 4 Sec 4 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Monday, 9/25 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-4-section-4-notes.html

DUE: Monday, 9/18 Ch 4 Sec 2 & 3 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Wednesday, 9/20 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don't have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the links:
Ch 4 Sec 2 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-4-section-2-notes.html

AND

Ch 4 Sec 3 Notes:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-chapter-4-section-3-notes.html

DUE: Friday, 9/15 Ch 4 Sec 1 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Wednesday, 9/20 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don;t have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-homework-due-monday-922part.html

QUIZ TODAY: Thursday, 9/14 Geography

Your Geography Quiz will be on Thursday, 9/14.  The Quizlet Review has been open since September 7th.  If you have been in class, paid attention, done your homework, and study you should do very well on the test.  STUDY THE REVIEW IN QUIZLET - it was made using the material on your quiz.  If you missed the notes in class, it is your responsibility to get them from someone.  They will not be posted.

Make up for legal absences is before school (per my make-up policy), last day to make up is Tuesday, 9/19.  Failure to make-up the quiz will result in a zero for that quiz.  Cuts & illegal absences cannot be made up, and anyone late to class will not receive extra time on the exam.

The quiz will NOT be a full period so please bring your regular required supplies with you to class that day.

DUE: Wednesday, 9/13 Ch 3 Sec 2, 3, & 4 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Friday, 9/14 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don;t have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-homework-due-monday-915.html

DUE: Tuesday, 9/12 Ch 2 Sec 4 & Ch 3 Sec 1 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Thursday, 9/14 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don;t have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-notes-due-tuesday-99.html

DUE: Monday, 9/11 Ch 2 Sec 2 & 3 Notes

HAND COPY all notes into your binder.  You will have a quiz USING THESE NOTES at the start of class on the due date.  If you are late, you cannot make it up.  If you are illegally absent or cut, you cannot make it up.  If you are legally absent, you have until Thursday, 9/14 to come before school to show me your notes.  Follow the make-up procedure given out in class.  If you fail to make up the work by the deadline, you will earn a 0.

Click (or copy & paste) the link for the notes.  Remember, you can print them at school if you don;t have internet access at home, but you CANNOT BRING PRINTED WORK TO CLASS.

Label the notes as indicated in the link:
http://mrsramo.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-history-capter-2-sections-2-3-notes.html

A note about the links in the posts...

If you can't "click" on the links in the homework posts, be sure you copy & paste them into a new window.  All links are valid, and the "it didn't work when I clicked on it" excuse will earn you a 

0 for that work.  

Fair warning...

DUE DATE REMINDERS

DUE: Friday, 9/8 (start of your class period)
1. Completed & Signed Expectations Letter
2. Completed & Signed Parent letter
3. Completed & Signed Contact Form

DUE: Monday, 9/11 (start of class)
Your first notes, see the separate blog post.

DUE: Tuesday, 9/12 (before 2 pm)
1. Quizlet account created & join request sent, will not be approved if directions were not followed.

DUE: Monday, 9/18
1. All supplies.  If you have them before 9/18 please show me after class & I will check your name on my list! (start of your class period)
2. Logged into Thinkwave once to view your account & change your password.  Codes handed out in class on Friday, 9/8. (before 2 pm)

If your parent/guardian would like their own Thinkwave code, please have them email me.  The email must include YOUR NAME with the request!

Welcome Back!!

Welcome back to school!  You have just 2 years to go until graduation - I hope you are committed to making this year your best yet in all of your classes!  Colleges will look very closely at hat you d this year as well as what you did last year, so now is the time to say as good as last year or improve greatly if your grades need it!

As a reminder about the supplies you need for class every day:
- 1-subject binder/loose leaf with plenty of paper.
- Standard blue or black pens (at least 2 in case 1 runs out.)  Work is only accepted in standard blue or black pen.
- A working highlighter (any color!)

You need to have at least paper, pen, & highlighter starting tomorrow, 9/7, and all supplies in class as of 9/15.

Make is a successful year!!